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''Glandularia'' (common name mock vervain or mock verbena) is a genus of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Verbenaceae. They are native to the Americas. Closely related to the true vervains〔Botta ''et al.'' (1995)〕 and sometimes still included with them in ''Verbena'', horizontal chloroplast transfer occurred at least twice and possibly three times between these genera, which are otherwise rather too distinct to warrant unification. The discovery of the signal in the chloroplast genome was announced in 2008 by University of Washington researchers. Somehow, chloroplasts from ''V. orcuttiana'', Swamp Verbena (''V. hastata'') or a close relative of these had admixed into the ''G. bipinnatifida'' germline. Although hybridization runs rampant in the true and mock vervains – the ancestors of the well-known Garden Vervain are quite obscure –, it does not seem to have been the cause of the cross-species gene transfer.〔Yuan & Olmstead (2008)〕 In addition, the researchers discovered the signal of one more transfer event. This had introduced chloroplasts from an ancestral member of the ''Verbena'' lineage nowadays found in South America into ''Glandularia'' Although all members of the present genus can be distinguished to have a chromosome count of 5, the South American species are diploid, while polyploid hybrid ''Glandularia'' are very widespread from northern Central America northwards. The second genetic introgression must have occurred before the genus spread north, as species with the ''Verbena''-like chloroplasts are found all over the Americas. Since the new chloroplast genes replaced the old ones, it may be that the possibly hybridogenic ''G. bipinnatifida'' actually underwent horizontal chloroplast transfer twice in its evolutionary history.〔 ==Selected species〔USDA (1999)〕== * ''Glandularia alejandrana'' B.L.Turner * ''Glandularia amoena'' (Paxton) Umber * ''Glandularia araucana'' (Phil.) Botta * ''Glandularia aristigera'' (S.Moore) Tronc. * ''Glandularia aurantiaca'' (Speg.) Botta * ''Glandularia bajacalifornica'' (Moldenke) Umber * ''Glandularia ballsii'' (Moldenke) Botta * ''Glandularia bipinnatifida'' (Nutt.) Nutt. * ''Glandularia brachyrhynchos'' G.L.Nesom & Vorobik * ''Glandularia cabrerae'' (Moldenke) Botta * ''Glandularia canadensis'' (L.) Nutt. * ''Glandularia cheitmaniana'' (Moldenke) Botta & Poggio * ''Glandularia chiracahensis Umber * ''Glandularia crithmifolia'' (Gillies & Hook. ex Hook.) Schnack & Covas *''Glandularia delticola'' (Small) Umber *''Glandularia dissecta'' (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schnack & Covas *''Glandularia elegans'' (Kunth) Umber *''Glandularia flava'' (Gillies & Hook. ex Hook.) Schnack & Covas *''Glandularia glandulifera'' (Moldenke) Ragonese *''Glandularia gooddingii'' (Briq.) Solbrig * * ''Glandularia gooddingii'' var. ''gooddingii'' * * ''Glandularia gooddingii'' var. ''nepetifolia'' Tidestrom *''Glandularia guaranitica'' Tronc. *''Glandularia hasslerana'' (Briq.) Tronc. *''Glandularia herteri'' (Moldenke) Tronc. *''Glandularia hookeriana'' Covas & Schnack *''Glandularia × hybrida'' (hort. ex Groenl. & Rümpler) G. L. Nesom & Pruski – Hybrid Verbena, Garden Vervain (often placed in ''Verbena'') *''Glandularia incisa'' (Hook.) Tronc. *''Glandularia kuntzeana'' (Moldenke) Tronc. *''Glandularia laciniata'' (L.) Schnack & Covas *''Glandularia lilacina'' (Greene) Umber * * ''Glandularia lilacina'' cv. 'De La Mina'. *''Glandularia lilloana'' (Moldenke) Botta *''Glandularia lipozygoides'' (Walp.) L.E.Navas *''Glandularia macrosperma'' (Speg.) Tronc. *''Glandularia maritima'' (Small) Small *''Glandularia marrubioides'' (Cham.) Tronc. *''Glandularia megapotamica'' (Spreng.) Cabrera & G.Dawson *''Glandularia mendocina'' (Phil.) Covas & Schnack *''Glandularia microphylla'' (Kunth) Cabrera *''Glandularia nana'' (Moldenke) Tronc. *''Glandularia origenes'' (Phil.) Schnack & Covas *''Glandularia parodii'' Covas & Schnack *''Glandularia perakii'' Covas & Schnack *''Glandularia peruviana'' (L.) Small *''Glandularia phlogiflora'' (Cham.) Schnack & Covas *''Glandularia platensis'' (Spreng.) Schnack & Covas *''Glandularia polyantha'' Umber *''Glandularia pulchella'' (Sweet) Tronc. *''Glandularia pulchra'' (Moldenke) Botta *''Glandularia pumila'' (Rydb.) Umber *''Glandularia quadrangulata'' (A.Heller) Umber *''Glandularia radicata'' (Moldenke) Tronc. ex Mulgura *''Glandularia santiaguensis'' Covas & Schnack *''Glandularia scrobiculata'' (Griseb.) Tronc. *''Glandularia selloi'' (Spreng.) Tronc. *''Glandularia sessilis'' (Cham.) Tronc. *''Glandularia spectabilis'' (Moldenke) Botta *''Glandularia stellarioides'' (Cham.) Schnack & Covas *''Glandularia subincana'' Tronc. *''Glandularia sulphurea'' (D.Don) Schnack & Covas *''Glandularia tampensis'' (Nash) Small *''Glandularia tenera'' (Spreng.) Cabrera *''Glandularia teucriifolia'' (M.Martens & Galeotti) Umber *''Glandularia tristachya'' (Tronc. & Burkart) Schnack & Covas *''Glandularia tumidula'' (L.M.Perry) Umber *''Glandularia turneri'' G.L.Nesom *''Glandularia venturii'' (Moldenke) Botta *''Glandularia verecunda'' Umber 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Glandularia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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